EFFECTS OF THE TYPE OF GRAFT USED IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Keywords:
anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. autografts. allografts. return to sport.Abstract
Introduction: the anterior cruciate ligament rupture is the most common injury in athletes and could compromise their professional careers. Surgical reconstruction is the primary and most effective treatment. There are many questions about which graft to use since each one has been associated with different side effects. The objective of this literature review is to identify the side effects of each type of graft used in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Material and method: a literature search was conducted in SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar and PEDro, using the following search terms "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Autografts, Allografts, Return to Sport, Muscle Strength, Pain and Joint Instability. Results: the hamstring autograft and allografts reported less stability, while the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft showed greater stability. On the other hand, it was reported that muscle strength will be compromised depending on the graft extraction site. Bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts have been associated with greater anterior knee pain and the probability of developing osteoarthritis, in the same way, they are associated with less post-operative functionality and require more time to reach the milestones to return to sports activities. However, this autograft showed less probability of suffering a new rupture, on the other hand, with the hamstring autograft and allografts, there is the highest risk of a new injury. Conclusions: there are several strategies used in rehabilitation, however, knowing the effects of each type of graft used allows for further individualization of the treatment and facilitates the choice of which one to use for reconstruction.
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